The diversity of fish of Atlantic–Mediterranean origin in marine waters of the Azov–Black Sea basin within the borders of Ukraine

Leonid Manilo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7143-9470

National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)

Cite as

Manilo, L. 2024. The diversity of fish of Atlantic–Mediterranean origin in marine waters of the Azov–Black Sea basin within the borders of Ukraine. GEO&BIO, 26: 121–134. [Ukrainian, with English summary]

doi: https://doi.org/10.53452/gb2610

pdf: gb2610-manilo.pdf

Abstract

The article is a continuation of a series of our previous works on alien fish species of Atlantic–Mediterranean origin over the past 50 years in the Azov–Black Sea basin within the waters of Ukraine. The most numerous in terms of the number of species of this group is the goby family. Next in numbers are the families of combtooth blennies, porgies, pipefishes, wrasses, mullets, and herrings. Other families in the waters of Ukraine are represented by 1 to 3 species of fish. There is a clear trend of reduction in the number of taxa from the waters of the Crimea to the north-western part of the Black Sea (NWBS) and the Sea of Azov. The maximum species richness of fish of Atlantic–Mediterranean origin is observed in the Crimean waters (113 species), and the taxonomic richness of the group in this area is 262 taxa. In the waters of the NWBS, species richness is 80, while taxonomic richness decreases by 25.0% to 203 taxa. In the Sea of Azov, there is a sharp decrease in species richness to 37; taxonomic richness is reduced by two times (107 taxa). The most similar to the ichthyofauna of the Black Sea of Atlantic–Mediterranean origin was the ichthyofauna of the Crimean waters (0.71). Faunas of the Crimea and NWBS are followed (0.68). The smallest coefficients of similarity have the ichthyofauna of the Azov and Black seas (0.23) and between the Azov and Crimean waters (0.33). Since the 1970s, 30 alien fish species of Atlantic–Mediterranean origin, belonging to 26 genera, 15 families, and 8 orders, have been discovered in the marine waters of Ukraine. Among them, species whose appearance is associated with the natural process of mediterranisation predominate (25 species, 83.3%). Species that entered with the help of anthropogenic factors accounted for 6.7%, while the share of species with unspecified vectors of introduction was 10.0%. In the waters of the Crimea and in the NWBS, there is a significant prevalence of species, the appearance of which is the result of mediterranisation. The aliens of the Sea of Azov belong to the accidental species, which were previously common in the Black Sea and expanded their range when salty Black Sea waters entered through the Kerch Strait as a result of the reduction of the flow of the Don and Kuban rivers, caused mainly by anthropogenic factors. In recent years, significant changes have taken place in the marine waters of Ukraine. The most significant changes occurred in the Crimea, where this percentage is 30.1 %; 24.3 % in the Sea of Azov, and 15.0 % in the waters of the NWBS.

Key words: alien fish species, natural and anthropogenic factors, taxonomic richness, Azov-Black Sea basin, Ukraine.

Correspondence to

Leonid Manilo; National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine, 15 Bohdan Khmelnitsky Street, Kyiv, 01030 Ukraine; Email: leonid.manilo@gmail.com;

Article info

Submitted: 24.08.2023. Revised: 02.12.2023. Accepted: 30.12.1923

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