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Zagorodniuk, I. 2019. Species concepts in biology: analysis of essence. Geo&Bio, 18: 77–117. (In Ukrainian)

doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/gb1807

authors (with orcid and affiliation):

Igor Zagorodniuk orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0523-133X

National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)

pdf: pdf

summary:

The species concept is actively developed in the works of Ukrainian biologists especially of those related to centres of accumulation of biological materials. The oldest centres among them were natural history museums, including the Zoological Museum of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. The contribution of research schools into the development of eidological trends, science in Ukraine, and species concepts facilitated the development of scientific centres and the formation of paradigms. Among the main features of the development of eidology in Ukraine was the repeated retreat from the typological paradigm (with numerous returns to it), the increasing impact of population knowledge and variability assessment, the transition to a predominantly geographical component in the analysis of existing biotic diversity, the gradual restriction of the species concept and blurring of species criteria. The author consistently develops the idea that the taxon as construct of taxonomists (as a classification hypothesis for describing diversity) is actually unambiguous only at the level of local communities, i.e. in one-dimensional models, beyond the issue of differentiation of populations in space and time. While preparing this review, considerable attention was paid to the contribution of Ukrainian researchers into the development of the "species" issue and related problems of eidology, including the concept and criteria of "species", various interpretations of its scope and the variety of designations that have become part of "species pluralism". The processes of increased grinding of "species" as concepts, categories, and taxa are analysed. Attention is paid to the modern trends of splitting, mainly due to technological progress and new systems of identification of specimens and determination of the heterogeneity of biological material. Progress in species splitting ususally ends with revisions that naturally rest on the shoulders of lumpers. The idea that the certainty (reality) of species as a concept, category, and taxon exists only within the limits of biotic communities, i.e. complexes of sympatric interacting population systems, is consistently followed.

Key words:

species concepts, species criteria, morphology, large and small species, natural history museums.

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