The evolutionary
system of the biosphere: a dialectical approach
Alexander Protasov
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-2007
Institute of Hydrobiology, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv,
Ukraine)
doi: https://doi.org/10.53452/gb2504
Cite as
Protasov, A. The
evolutionary system of the biosphere — a dialectical approach. GEO&BIO,
25: 32–50. [In Ukrainian, with
English summary]
pdf: pdf
Abstract
The dialectics of
evolution is that the development of various systems, complication is
determined by several principles, which themselves are similar to emergent
systems based on opposite but dialectically complementary categories and
concepts. A new concept of evolution of the biosphere as an integral system of
its successive states united by development trends is proposed. The structure
of the biosphere is considered as a fractal system with the ecosystem as its
elementary unit. The next fractal levels are biogeomes and biospheromerons. The
fractal structure corresponds to the principle of emergence. The proposed
concept of biosphere evolution is based on general naturalistic principles and
categories of dialectics, such as states and interstates, continuity and
discreteness, reproducibility and uniqueness, the hypothesis of information
channels or trends, the concept of biosphere organisation in a specific
evolutionary space-time. In general, the evolutionary history of the biosphere
is a metameric picture of changing states and interstates. A complex system of
continuums is the most important feature of the biosphere’s organisation in
space-time. Continuity of the first kind can be observed when there is a
continuum of indistinguishability within a continuing state: during a long
geological time, there were no cardinal changes in the structure of biosphere
elements and connections between them. At the same time, the development of an
integral biosphere system occurs in a continuum of the second kind: given the
continuity of life, the differences between the early and subsequent states are
very significant and obvious in the biosphere. Moreover, these differences are
associated with complication, development, which is, in fact, evolution. The
states of the biosphere in certain periods are connected by trends, which form
an evolutionary system. Continuing states, when the system remains
self-identical for a long period, are replaced by new states through
interstates. Thus, a specific type of continuum, the metameric continuum, is
formed. The taxonomic, ecomorphic, symbiotic, and ecosystem trends are
identified and considered as the main ones in the evolution of the biosphere. The
Vernadsky–Margalef hypothesis of the origin of life and biosphere in the form
of protoecosystems is considered and supported.
Key words: biosphere, evolution, states, emergence, continuity, fractal structure,
noosphere
Correspondence to
Alexander A. Protasov; Institute of Hydrobiology, NAS
of Ukraine; 12 V. Ivasyuk Avenue, 04210 Kyiv, Ukraine; Email: pr1717@ukr.net
article info
Submitted: 14.12.2023. Revised: 28.12.2023. Accepted: 30.12.2023
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